This is largely a theory paper, which reveals some interesting things about the personal computer (or PC). In this paper you will:
People have at least three questions or concerns, which sometimes hinder their efforts in learning about computers. Let’s examine these and see if we can dispel some fears.
Question 1: Will I wipe out any data by playing with the computer?
It is virtually impossible for anybody to accidentally lose data on the computer. Data is lost usually for two reasons. Either the operator mistakenly think they know what they are doing, or the computer has a malfunction that is totally out of the control of the operator.
In either case a well-managed computer has its data backed up in several locations. If one copy is lost it should be easy for an experienced operator to retrieve the information from a backup.
If you are really worried about losing data ask the person who normally uses the computer to make backups before you proceed.
Question 2: Will I look like a dummy in front of my peers (or my employees!) when I start using the computer?
You may! But everybody, even the office expert, had to start somewhere and the sooner you bite the bullet the better it will be. Most people are only too willing to impart their knowledge and experiences to you. One word of advice though - don’t repeatedly annoy people with too many questions. See if you can resolve the problem before resorting to asking others in the office for help.
Question 3: I don’t have a maths or computer background. Will I be able to understand the concepts?
While computers are based on mathematical theory and processing the modern computer does not require you to have a maths background. If you can read and follow instructions then you should be able to use a computer. Naturally, if you are doing work of a mathematical nature then you will need to have an understanding of maths.
With these fears behind us let’s now learn about the computer and what it can do for you.
In very broad terms there are 4 main types of computers available: mainframe, mini, standalone, and Supercomputers
Mainframe computers process large amounts of data and are typically found in large, corporate organisations such as banks, insurance companies, mining companies, government departments, and the like.
Mainframe computers have been popular since the 1960s and handle all of the large processing jobs such as payroll, human resources, materials management, accounts, and more.
Mainframe computers usually consist of one (or more) large processing units, which are housed, in a large cabinet. This is the heart of the computer.
Scattered around the organisation are terminals which consist of a computer screen (sometimes referred to as a monitor) and a keyboard. These terminals are connected to the processing unit via cables, through the communications network via special devices known as modems, and sometimes even through satellite and microwave links.
These terminals are sometimes referred to as "dumb" terminals because they cannot do any processing themselves. Everything that is typed on the keyboard is relayed back to the processing unit. There may be hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of these terminals in an organisation.
Mainframes usually cost in the hundred thousands of dollars to purchase, operate and maintain. They are normally looked after by the information (IT) department of an organisation.
In the 1970s other medium size companies wanted to take advantage of computers and as a consequence computer manufacturers brought out scaled-down versions of the mainframe. These computers were referred to as mini-computers.
Mini-computers still consist of one or more processing units, which have a series of dumb terminals, connected to them. They also are used for much the same operations as the mainframes - payroll, human resources, accounts, inventory - albeit on a smaller scale.
The processing unit of these computers is often located close by the terminals, perhaps in a special room on the same floor as most of the terminals.
Mini-computers cost considerably less than mainframes, generally in the hundreds of thousands rather than in the millions of dollars. Fewer staff can also operate them.
The 1980s saw the introduction of the third form of computing into the business world - the standalone computer. This type of computer is vastly different from mainframes and minis.
Standalone computers have the processing unit and the terminal combined in the same location - hence the name standalone. While several standalone computers can be cabled together to form a network, each computer is itself capable of standalone processing.
These computers are sometimes referred to as personal computers (or PCs) because they do not need to be connected with other devices.
Standalone computers became popular during the early 1980s because of a combination of factors.
Firstly, both mainframes and mini computers are expensive to buy, maintain, and operate. Standalone computers offer a significantly reduced operating cost.
Secondly, the late 1970s saw a huge growth in computing as software (the programs that make the computer do something) became easier to operate. As a result bottlenecks occurred with computers in organisations and the computers slowed considerably as more people attempted to use them.
Thirdly, a small, handful of people with incredible vision and energy saw the potential in an alternative form of computing to mainframes and minis.
Standalone computers take many forms, including: desktop where the processing unit, keyboard and monitor can be placed on a desk or table; laptop or notebook where the processing unit, keyboard, and monitor are combined into one unit for easy transport and use in varied locations; and tower, where the processing unit is located on the floor and the monitor and keyboard are placed on a table or desk.
Your course focuses on the standalone, or personal, computer.
The most powerful type of computer is the supercomputer. These computers are capable of processing calculations much faster then the desktop PC. Organizations like the CSIRO or the NASA rely on these machines to calculate scientific material down to the minutest detail. Most meteorological stations are also using supercomputer types to predict weather patterns. IBM produced Deep Blue a few years ago, it had the capability of outthinking human beings; it proved it by defeating the reigning chess world champ.
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